Introducing Gemini Robotics ER 2

For robots to assist humans in everyday environments, accurate spatial reasoning is not enough. Robots must also think fast, timing their decisions and reasoning with the real-time speed of the physical world.

That’s why today we’re launching Gemini Robotics ER 2, our most capable “embodied reasoning” model for robotics. Think of Gemini Robotics ER 2 as a high-level brain for robots. It allows robots to chat with humans, understand the physical world, and plan multi-step tasks. It then hands off motor execution to any given lower level vision-language-action (VLA) model. Gemini Robotics ER 2 can also natively call tools like Google Search to find information, or any other user-defined function. The design of Gemini Robotics ER 2 allows the robot to “think” about what comes next while simultaneously performing its actions.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 represents a significant upgrade over Gemini Robotics ER 1.6. By watching continuous video feeds, robots can now track their own progress, adapt if something goes wrong, and know exactly when to move on to the next step. We are also introducing multi-robot collaboration, enabling robots to work together in shared spaces and complete complex workflows a single robot could not do alone.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 is now publicly available to developers via the Gemini API, Google AI Studio, and in private preview on Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform. To help you get started, we’re sharing examples of how to configure the model and prompt it to power more useful physical AI tasks.

Advancing physical agentic capabilities

Most tasks in the physical world are complex and require multiple steps to complete. Gemini Robotics ER 2 is a physical agent, orchestrating steps for the robot and enabling it to self-correct, and generalize to more novel situations. To build an agentic setup, developers can declare low-level control interfaces — like Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models or navigation APIs — as tools, and stream multimodal video, audio, or text directly into the model.

Gemini Robotics ER 2 improves this tool orchestration workflow. We can evaluate its performance with robots in simulation, using real-world robot control, and even pair it with a human controlling the robot remotely.

In robotics, high-level reasoning depends on execution speed. Gemini Robotics ER 2 integrates into the Gemini Live API, using a bidirectional streaming endpoint optimized for latency-sensitive tasks. The result is fluid orchestration: Gemini Robotics ER 2 commands action models and robotics APIs to complete multi-step tasks without the jarring “stop-and-think” pauses.

To illustrate this, we’ve built a demo with Spot from our partners at Boston Dynamics. We use Gemini Robotics ER 2 to orchestrate Spot APIs, such as navigation and manipulator movement, creating an interactive robot that fetches objects for you.

The code is available on Github with other examples.

Unlocking temporal intelligence for robust task completion

One of robotics’ hardest challenges is knowing when a task is done. Gemini Robotics ER 2 brings a step-change in video understanding and progress tracking to verify that complex tasks — such as tightening a light bulb or tying a trash bag — are complete to specification before switching to the next task.

In this update, we’ve made progress on two foundational capabilities for task progress understanding: progress classification and moment finding.

Continuous progress classification

Progress classification refers to a robot’s ability to track progress towards task completion. In our evaluations, we assign each frame in a video feed into five levels of progress (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, 80-100%). By quantifying task progress, Gemini Robotics ER 2 provides robots with real-time situational awareness, and allows them to adjust actions on the fly or retry failed steps without restarting an entire workflow.

Precision moment-finding

Moment-finding measures a model’s ability to identify the exact video frame where a critical event takes place (i.e. when to stop pouring coffee into a cup). Gemini Robotics ER 2 achieves significant gains in performance on moment finding, enabling robots to precisely switch between tasks, verify success and suggest corrections.